Regurgitation
Introduction
Regurgitation, also known as spitting up, which is a condition characterized by the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus. It is very common and typical in infants and often occurs after feeding. It involves the mild vomiting or regurgitation of food, milk, and saliva without nausea or forceful contractions of the abdominal muscles.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may occur in which such symptoms happen many times. About 80% of people with GERD may have regurgitation, but meanwhile esophagitis, esophageal stricture or other complications can be caused by GERD without treatment.
People should seek medical care immediately when they have symptoms like chest pain.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may occur in which such symptoms happen many times. About 80% of people with GERD may have regurgitation, but meanwhile esophagitis, esophageal stricture or other complications can be caused by GERD without treatment.
People should seek medical care immediately when they have symptoms like chest pain.
Causes
- Acid reflux
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Triggers:
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Eat large meals
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Eat specific foods (e.g. acidic or spicy food etc)
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Lie down soon after eating
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- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Symptoms
- Adults
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Heartburn or chest pain
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Bitter or sour taste at the back of the throat
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Trouble swallowing
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Feeling a lump in the throat
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Regurgitation of stomach acid or undigested food
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- Infants
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Frequent regurgitation, at least twice daily
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Regurgitation for at least 3 weeks
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Occurs within the first year of life
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Symptoms
- Adults
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Heartburn or chest pain
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Bitter or sour taste at the back of the throat
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Trouble swallowing
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Feeling a lump in the throat
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Regurgitation of stomach acid or undigested food
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- Infants
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Frequent regurgitation, at least twice daily
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Regurgitation for at least 3 weeks
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Occurs within the first year of life
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Graph + description of effects + citation, incl. studies for different age groups if applicable
- Indrio, F., Riezzo, G., Raimondi, F., Bisceglia, M., Filannino, A., Cavallo, L., & Francavilla, R. (2011). Lactobacillus reuteri accelerates gastric emptying and improves regurgitation in infants. European journal of clinical investigation, 41(4), 417–422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02425.x
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A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study enrolled 42 infants. Also a control group with 21 infants matched for age and weight, with no history of regurgitation and fulfilling the inclusion criteria, were recruited to assess the cut off value of normal range of gastric emptying rate.
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Compared to placebo L. reuteri Protectis:
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Increased gastric emptying rate
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Reduced the number of regurgitations
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- Indrio, F., Di Mauro, A., Riezzo, G., Civardi, E., Intini, C., Corvaglia, L., Ballardini, E., Bisceglia, M., Cinquetti, M., Brazzoduro, E., Del Vecchio, A., Tafuri, S., & Francavilla, R. (2014). Prophylactic use of a probiotic in the prevention of colic, regurgitation, and functional constipation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA pediatrics, 168(3), 228–233. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4367
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A prospective, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized prevention trial included 589 infants <1 week. The infants received either five drops per day of L. reuteri DSM 17938 (1×10⁸ CFU, n=238) or placebo (n=230) for 90 days.
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Compared to placebo L. reuteri:
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Improved gut motility
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Significantly reduced the number of daily regurgitations
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Reduced both private and public cost due to less visits to the pediatrician
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Alleviation
- Losing excess weight and maintaining a moderate weight
- Avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke
- Feed the baby in an upright position. Hold the baby in a sitting position for 30 minutes after feeding. Be careful not to move the baby while the food starts digesting.
- Try smaller and more frequent feedings. Feed the baby a little bit less than usual if you are bottle-feeding, or cut back the amount of nursing time.
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